Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Hesperetin and Naringenin promote glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from L-cell through activation of TGR5 and alleviated type 2 diabetes

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1838267

Figure Lengend Snippet: Screening GLP-1 secretagogues from traditional Chinese medicine library by using a GLP-1-NanoLuciferase reporter GLUTag cell line. (A) Schematic of construction of GLP-1-NanoLuciferase reporter GLUTag cell line. (B) NanoLuciferase GLUTag cells were incubated with assay buffer containing DMSO (control), 20 mΜ Glucose, 10 μΜ forskolin and 50 mM KCl. Luciferase activity (luminescence) was immediately detected, secreted physiological GLP-1 were measured with GLP-1 ELISA kit (n = 5). *** p < 0.001 or ### p < 0.001 vs. the control group by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s test. (C) Similar fold changes of secreted NanoLuciferase activity and corresponding physiological GLP-1 concentrations in response to different secretagogues. (D) Strategy flowchart for screening compounds that stimulate GLP-1 secretion by using reporter cell line. (E,F) NanoLuciferase activity assay for GLUTag cells treated with assay buffer plus DMSO (control) or 10 μM different compounds, compounds that exhibited a greater than 1.2-fold increase with statistic significant were shown, the red dotted line represented the values of the control group (E) , while cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay (F) (n = 3). * p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney U-test. (G-H) Chemical structure of hesperetin (G) and naringenin (H) . Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Ultrasensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA kit was purchased from Mercodia (10-1249-01, Uppsala, Sweden). cAMP ELISA Kit was purchased from Elabscience (E-EL-0056, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Incubation, Control, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, CCK-8 Assay, MANN-WHITNEY